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Microbiology

Question: How reliable is DNA fingerprinting?

Answer: DNA profiling is an example of how advances in medical research have proved useful in police and science forensic work. This is especially important in today’s society because of the increased use of DNA fingerprinting as evidence in court cases. The structure of a DNA molecule compromises a double helix made of two strands of DNA. The double helix is spiralled around each strand and contains......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Compare and contrast vertebrate and invertebrate vision.

Answer: Although vertebrates and invertebrates originally evolved from a common ancestral root, both have developed very different physical utilities for vision. Both are fairly effective and have taken many millions of years to evolve. They contain many common underlying mechanisms but differ in the features used to provide them.......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: The effects of bacterial genetic resistance to antibiotic treatment.

Answer: Darwin\'s evolutionary hypothesis dictates the survival of the fittest. Accordingly, bacteria that overcome the onslaught of antibiotics (which can destroy them) and still replicate, provide a survival advantage for future generations of the same bacteria. However, from the human viewpoint, this genetic resistance to antibiotic treatment can be detrimental. Not only can ineffectiveness of antibi......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Most cells are very small. What physical and metabolic constraints limit cell size? What problems would an enormous cell encounter? What adaptations might help a very large cell survive?

Answer: The cell is an amazing structure. A single cell, alone, can function as a single entity: independently acquiring the nutrients it needs to survive, adapting to its environment, and eliminating the wastes it accumulates. Other cells, however, would rather be a part of a community of cells, like a tissue or higher organism. These cells often become specialized; they may specialize in motility, o......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Penicillin Enrichment of Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity mutants.

Answer: Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen. This project aimed to produce strains that were defective for intracellular growth by mutagenising a culture with ultra violet light and nitrosoguanidine. Intracellular mutants were selected for using a method of ampicillin enrichment. Approximately 200 colonies survived the enrichment process but only four colonies were characterised......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Title: With reference to membrane proteins, discuss the important role of water in defining the shape and function of biomolecules.

Answer: Water plays an important role in defining biomolecules shape and function because it possesses some unique properties. Among these properties the ability to form hydrogen bond and hydrophobic effect contribute most to the shape and function determination of biomolecules.......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Describe how bacteria can sense and respond to their cell density in the environment.

Answer: Bacteria secrete small molecule pheromones which accumulate outside the cell. By reacting to the concentration level of these pheromones individual cells can sense how many neighbouring cells surround them. In this way they can determine whether there are enough bacteria, that is a quorum, to initiate the expression of a particular phenotype. This is known as Quorum Sensing, a term coined by Steve......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.

Answer: Meiosis and mitosis are the two separate forms of nuclear division in nature. Mitosis is the system of replacing cells for growth and repair, it is also used for reproduction in non-cellular/unicellular organisms that utilise binary fission. Meiosis is the division of the cell into two parts, effectively halving the amount of genetic information in each part to produce haploid gametes for reproduc......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Describe the chemotaxis systems of bacteria.

Answer: Only cells which are motile, that is, those cells which are capable of autonomous movement are able to carry out chemotaxis. The process of chemotaxis is limited to select types of specialised cells which possess the ability to detect changes in their external environment, and, as a consequence of these, to elicit changes in their internal environment which lead to whole - cell movement.......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Describe the structure and function of the Cytoskeleton.

Answer: The cytoplasm is, at basic levels, seen to be a disorganised mix of organelles, enzymes and a functionless gel. In fact, the whole cell relies on the cytoskeleton – a major component of the cytoplasm – for structure, intracellular movement and many other functions. This huge network of filaments is vital for the proper functioning of the cell and ensures that, in the cytoplasm, every reaction ......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

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Microbiology

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