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Medicine

Question: Do patients with chronic low back pain have proprioceptive deficits in their lumbar spine?

Answer: Research has discovered that injuries to peripheral joints have resulted in proprioceptive deficits. As proprioception is a complex function, it is difficult to measure accurately but research suggests this is also true in the lumbar spine. This study examines two aspects of proprioception; the removal of vision to increase joint awareness and repositioning error.......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: To what extent can autoimmunity be described as the breakdown of self tolerance and how far have animal models contributed to our understanding of human autoimmune disease?

Answer: Autoimmunity is the propagation of adaptive immunity specific for self antigens. The obligation of preventing such an occurrence was recognised by Ehrlich who described the possibility of ‘Horror autotoxicus’. In his ‘clonal selection’ theory, Burnet proposed that tolerance to self antigens is achieved by clonal deletion or inactivation of developing lymphocytes in the thymus or the peri......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: A 75-year-old man has experienced a cerebral vascular event, which has resulted in motor problems affecting the right side of his body.
Explain the pathophysiological reasons for the problems this man is experiencing.

Answer: Cerebrovascular events (CVE) are the third leading cause of death and the single greatest cause of severe disability (Department of Health 2001, Wilkinson 1999). In the UK 110,000 people experience a first CVE, 30,000 go on to have further CVEs (Department of Health 2001). Initially CVE presents as an acute medical emergency, initially requiring complex care, and may result in long-term disabil......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Tay Sachs disease: from clinical and molecular description to potential strategies for treatment.

Answer: Tay Sachs disease is a heritable, autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorder caused by a β-hexosaminidase α-subunit deficiency which prevents the formation of lysosomal heterodimeric α-β enzyme, hexosaminidase A (HexA), and consequently causes an excessive accumulation of the ganglioside GM2. Four forms of Tay Sachs disease are currently known (1). Classical infantile Tay Sachs disease ......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Producing Pharmaceuticals Assignment - Procedures For Obtaining Licensing For A New Drug.

Answer: When a new drug is discovered there is a very complex and drawn out process that must be carried out ion order to obtain manufacturing and product licences. In the interest of public safety, the guidelines that are set out are extremely rigid and must be strictly adhered to. Safety, Quality & Efficacy The first issue to be dealt with is the quality, safety and efficacy of the drug in question.......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Rosiglitazone maleate: combating insulin resistance

Answer: Diabetes mellitus is a growing problem across the world. By the year 2010 it is estimated that over 221 million people will be afflicted with the disease . Type 1 diabetes is the result of absolute insulin deficiency and is treated through the addition of exogenous insulin. Type 2 diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM), is characterized by a relative insulin deficiency and increased in......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: The use of Minisatellites in Forensic Science

Answer: Forensic science is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the scientific investigation of the causes of injury and death in unexplained circumstances, particularly when criminal activity is suspected. Such investigations are carried out chiefly by pathologists at the request of the coroner, in conjunction with other experts and police investigators.......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Positive & negative selection events, occuring within the thymus, are responsible for defining the peripheral T-cell repertoire. Compare & contrast these events & describe the consequences of either selection pressure.

Answer: TCR rearrangement allows the adaptive immune system to generate an almost unlimited repertoire of T cell receptors. However, a functional T cell repertoire requires the ability to recognize foreign antigens presented by self-MHC as well as tolerance to self antigens. Positive and negative selection ensure that this requirement is met. In each case, an antigenic stimulus leads to a paradoxical outc......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Outline and evaluate the risk to health from air-travel related DVT and the quality of air on board aircraft.

Answer: The House of Lords Select Committee1 on Science and Technology released their findings two years ago in its report titled Air Travel and Health2. The committee studied various evidence submitted from nearly 200 individuals and organisations including doctors, engineers, scientists, airlines, plane manufacturers, and travellers. Their report concluded, \" Air travel, like all other activities, is n......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: ‘Human Modernization Leads To Outbreaks Of The Ebola Virus.’ Evaluate the accuracy of this statement.

Answer: Ebola is one of the most lethal viruses known to man. The virus is incredibly contagious and spreads like a wildfire among those it infects, dissolving its victims. If Ebola infiltrated into the human population it would have the power to greatly reduce the numbers of the human species by more than eighty percent. Ebola outbreaks appeared periodically in the past only to quickly reside and then ......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

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