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ED209 Child Development

Question: With the use of examples, discuss the value of transitional models for explaining the development of behaviour and emotional difficulties in childhood.
TMA 03

Answer: Sometimes children’s behaviour may become challenging and difficult; as a result their development may become disturbed as well as disturbing. Two perspectives have been dominant in explaining disturbed and disturbing behaviour. The first, the medical model, sees disturbed behaviour lying within the child as a disorder with an organic cause. This approach has limitations since there is often no ......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: ED209 TMA02 year 2011 mark 88

1. What type of research is this?
a. An experiment?
b. A non-experimental/correlational design? Explain your answer.

2. Do you consider the study to be ecologically valid? Explain you reasons.
3. What are the variables Sharon is measuring?
4. What other variables should she be controlling and why?
5. What issues of consent are there?
6. What other ethics issues are there in the research design and how might these be addressed?
7. Are there reliability issues with this proposed study? How might the researcher deal with these?
8. How should the researcher follow best practise in protecting the data that she gathers?
9. Sharon’s scatterplot is as shown below. The correlation that she finds from using the statistical test is -0.12 and it is not statistically significant. Looking at the scatterplot and considering the test result, discuss what the researcher can conclude about her hypothesis.

Answer: This study has a non-experimental/correlational design. Correlational designs are used to measure the extent to which one variable is related to another but do not to explain what causes certain behaviour. Sharon is looking for a link between her variables and uses a scatterplot and statistical measures to predict how one variable will change in relation to the other, which implies it is a correla......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: It is often thought that language provides the concepts that we use to organize our thinking and knowledge. If that is the case, then it would seem to follow that young infants, before they learn language, cannot think or have knowledge.

How has recent evidence from psychological research challenged this view?
TMA 05

Answer: Until recently it was thought that babies have not developed a conceptual system and therefore cannot think. It was impossible to investigate infant understanding, since they cannot communicate. But several techniques have been developed that allowed an insight into the infant’s processes of language acquisition. This essay outlines the extensive evidence for conceptual thought before language a......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: What evidence is there that children’s development is influenced by play with siblings and peers?

Answer: Children’s play provides an interesting arena for viewing developmental skills in action. Play may be considered as one of the most vital activities for children in all cultures. It is believed to serve many important functions for children\'s development, including cognitive skills (such as, language use, problem-solving, role-playing) and social advances (such as, friendships, social competenc......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: To what extent do transactional models help in understanding the origins and development of disturbing behaviour in young children?

Answer: This essay will assess the usefulness of transactional models in understanding the origins and development of disturbing behaviour in young children. I will briefly explore what constitutes disturbed behaviour and then outline some cause/effect explanations by different psychological approaches. The reasoning behind transactional models will be laid out as proposed by Sameroff and Chandler 1975 (i......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: What are the assumptions of a Positivist approach to psychological research? (300 words)

Answer: The central assumption of the positivist approach is that there is an objective reality in the world which can be observed, measured and described. This statement engenders several supporting assumptions as follows: Any theory that describes psychological phenomena (e.g. memory) is only useful if its predictions can be falsified, by scientifically gathered quantitative data, if they are incorrect.......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: What is informed consent? Give an example of how it might be obtained when working with children.

Answer: Informed consent is the process of making participants aware of the key elements and methods of a research study that they will be taking part in. This allows participants to fully appreciate the possible ramifications for themselves and therefore freely agree to take part in research. Consent must be gained before participants take part in the research. It is essential that consent is formali......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: What is a research hypothesis?

Answer: A research hypothesis is a prediction of relationships between variables. For example a causal relationship: Participants will recall more item names which were presented with a matching olfactory stimulus than item names presented with a non-matching olfactory stimulus. In this case the olfactory stimulus is the independent variable (i.e. manipulated) and number of items remembered is the......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: 6. Why is counterbalancing used in experimental research? 7. What is a cross-sectional research design?

Answer: Counterbalancing is used in experimental research to minimise order effects’ (e.g. fatigue or practice) influence on results obtained. It is most useful when employing a within participants design where all participants experience all conditions. Counterbalancing entails presenting the conditions to different participants or groups in a different order. The higher the number of groups combin......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

Question: Exploring children’s temperament coherence - A short research plan.

Answer: Hinde & Tobin, 1986 (cited in Bk1 pp187-188) carried out a study into children’s temperament coherence. Their findings did not provide conclusive evidence for coherence as simply an exact repetition of behaviours across social contexts. However Hinde 1989 (ibid. pp187-188) suggested the results showed that, although children’s behaviours across situations are not identical, behaviours were sim......(short extract) to download the full answer, please Sign in or Register then make a payment or submit an essay

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ED209 Child Development

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